Case Study 210 | ADEM This case highlights Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) - a rare, immune-mediated inflammatory condition that primarily affects the brain and spinal cord, most often in children and young adults. ADEM typically follows a viral infection or vaccination, when the immune system mistakenly attacks myelin, the protective coating around nerves. The result can be sudden neurologic symptoms like weakness, difficulty walking, vision changes, altered mental status, or seizur