It suddenly occurred to him that all parts of a circuit, not just the transistor, could be made out of silicon. At the time, nobody was making capacitors or resistors out of semiconductors.

Silicon, since it's right above germanium on ... When the germanium heated up -- a natural outcome of being part of an electrical circuit -- the transistor would have too many free electrons.

PDKs nowadays from major foundries have very good correlation between model and physical silicon. A proper PDK installation and choosing the process option is all that needs to be done. Thorough ...