During concrete works, one detail that often goes unnoticed by non-engineers is the rebar chair. These small supports hold reinforcement bars at the correct height before and during concrete ...

Plain Cement Concrete, commonly called PCC or a “blinding layer,” is one of the first steps in foundation work. To many people on site, it looks like a simple layer of lean concrete placed before ...

One of the most misunderstood practices on construction sites is curing concrete with water after it has been poured. To many people, it seems counterintuitive. If concrete is already made with ...

Excavation in urban areas is fundamentally different from excavation in open land. In cities, the ground is not just soil. It ...

The Pelton, Francis and Kaplan turbines are water turbines that are rotary machines which convert kinetic energy and the potential energy of the water into mechanical energy that rotates the shaft to ...

A washbasin looks like one of the simplest fixtures in a home. Yet many households face a common problem: water splashing onto the floor, mirror, countertop, or even onto the user. While people ...

In many homes, living rooms feel warm, stale, or stuffy even with windows open and fans running. The issue often isn’t ventilation but the kitchen’s placement. Kitchen location affects ...

Container homes are becoming increasingly popular in different states and counties across the U.S. Around 30 million ISO standard intermodal shipping containers are used worldwide today. These ...

Many buildings have one or two rooms that refuse to cool properly, no matter how long the air conditioner runs. The thermostat may show a low setpoint, yet the room feels warm, stuff,y or unevenly ...

The selection of the contour interval is decided by the survey leader before the start of the mapping process depending upon the ground factors. Sl. No Factors Select High CI like 1m, 2m, 5m or more ...