These changes transformed the Tower of London into England’s largest and strongest concentric castle — a castle containing one ring of defenses inside another. The Tower was where arms and ...

Archaeologists excavating the historic Sheffield Castle site have uncovered rare 17th-century wooden stakes, believed to be defenses from the English Civil War, in the castle's ancient moat.

Battles took place between 1642 and 1651, and Sheffield Castle prepared its walls to defend ... “So often we are told about civil war defenses like abatises being used at historical properties ...

And castles built with an outer wall around the curtain wall were known as concentric castles ... battlements were more for show than defence. Medieval castles were considered so prestigious ...