Refer to Silverman (1986) or Scott (1992) for an introduction to nonparametric density estimation. PROC MODECLUS uses (hyper)spherical uniform kernels of fixed or variable radius. The density estimate ...
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where K 0 (·) is a kernel function, is the bandwidth, n is the sample size, and x i is the i th observation. The KERNEL option provides three kernel functions (K 0): normal, quadratic, and triangular.