With 190 states parties, the NPT provides the legal basis for nuclear safeguards, which ensure that non-nuclear weapon states do not develop nuclear weapons, guarantees the right to peaceful uses of ...

The rapid development of artificial intelligence is raising security concerns. At the heart of the problem lies the interplay between the rapid pace of innovation and the difficulty of reliably ...

As the rules-based order disintegrates, the global economic framework is changing alongside the political one. It is no longer shaped by the logic of globalisation but by geoeconomic dynamics. Against ...

Hybrid actions pose a challenge to European countries. Yet there is a great deal of uncertainty regarding the extent and form of the threat landscape, as threat assessments remain vague. A clear ...

CSS Studies is a publication series of the CSS Think Tank. It offers in-depth, evidence-based analyses on selected topics in security policy and peacebuilding, addressing both practical and ...

The topics are often analyzed for their relevance to Switzerland, but are generally also of interest to an international audience. The CSS Analyses have been superseded by the CSS Policy Briefs.

The blog serves as a platform for academically grounded analysis and contextualization of security policy developments, trends, and events, as well as for communicating new scientific insights and the ...

Recent revelations of Chinese government-backed hacking show a recurring pattern: prominent hackers behind groups such as APT17, APT27, APT41, Flax Typhoon, and Red Hotel—monikers given by ...

Space systems are an integral part of modern war fighting. Militaries use them to conduct everything from reconnaissance to communications and data transfers, mission planning, and maintain ...

Gorana Grgić and Daniel Möckli place this year’s edition of Strategic Trends in the context of profound changes in the international order, characterized by shifting power balances, increasing rivalry ...

Reports and information disclosures by threat intelligence providers, government agencies, think tanks, and online hacktivists have exposed China’s elaborate multifaceted “hack-for-hire” ecosystem ...

The Ukrainian military situational awareness platform Delta (Дельта) is at the heart of this CSS report. Initially developed in 2015 by Aerorozvidka (Аеророзвідка – then military unit A2724), the ...