An even cash flow of regularly scheduled payments defines an annuity. If you borrow money to start your business, the monthly payments are calculated using an annuity formula. Two basic annuity ...

David Kindness is a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) and an expert in the fields of financial accounting, corporate and individual tax planning and preparation, and investing and retirement planning.

IRR measures the rate needed to break even on an investment. Calculate IRR by setting NPV to zero and solving for the discount rate. Use Excel's IRR function by inputting initial cost and cash inflow.

Oil field operators can use several practical equations for calculating flow rates of natural gas through venturi gas-lift valves. For critical flow, this analysis derived such equations from a ...