147, No. 1, Ending Civil Wars: Constraints & Possibilities (Winter 2018), pp. 15-24 (10 pages) This essay examines why England experienced a civil war every fifty years from ... with the emergence of ...

Charles I became King of England in 1625. He fell out with the English Parliament for several reasons. The disputes escalated into a civil war in 1642. After nearly seven years of war, Charles was ...

Factors such as military loyalty to the Constitution, the logistical challenges of modern warfare, and the general public's ...

At the time of the Civil War, as a result of lax laws ... In the winter of 1846, general anesthesia using ether was developed, soon followed by the discovery of chloroform in 1847.