Now Lasse Makkonen has shown mathematically that the disputed equation reduces to the definition of mechanical surface stress and has no connection with the energy of creating a new, unstrained ...

The total surface area of an object is the area of its base and the curved surface as well. Therefore, TSA = Area of base + Area of the curved surface The amount of space covered by an object is ...

Researchers have shown that surface tension on a solid material is unconnected to the energy required to create a new surface. Consequently, surface tension on a solid does not exist in its ...