Cell walls are a crucial structure of plant life, protecting cells from damage, giving plants shape, and containing energy-rich nutrients. And yet the process of how the walls begin to form remains ...

Many types of cancer are caused by gene mutations in the signalling pathways that control cell growth, such as the hedgehog signalling pathway. A new study from the Karolinska Institutet, published in ...

Our body receives and processes a vast number of signals. Chemical signals serve as guidance cues and ensure, for example, that immune cells arrive exactly where they are needed. Many vital processes ...

Illustration of small molecule modulation of β-arrestins and GPCR signaling pathways based on concepts developed by the Lefkowitz Laboratory, Duke University. To function normally, nearly every cell ...